Anaemia is termed as the reduced RBC and haemoglobulin levels.
An iron deficiency anemia affects 8.8% of the population world wide.It is slighltly more common among females than males.
A.Pathophysiologic:
Anaemia due to increased blood loss
Post haemorshagic anemia and chronic blood loss
B.Anaemia due to impaired red cell production:
Iron deficient anaemia-it is caused due to defect in haem synthesis
Thalaessaemia-it is caused dur to defect in globin synthesis.
Vitamin B12 deficiency(Pernicious anaemia) and megaloblastic aneamia
Aplastic anaemia
Congenital anaemia-sideroblastic anaemia(erythrocytes and normoblast which contains iron in their cytoplasm ,congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia.
C.Morphologic changes:
Microcytic hypochromic
Normocytic normochromic
Macrocytic normochromic
Subnormal levels of haemoglobin causes lower oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.this,in turn initiates compensatory physiologic adaptation as follows.
Increased release of oxygen from blood
Increased blood flow to the tissues
Mainteanance of the volume of blood
Redistribution of blood flow to maintain the cerebral supply
Tissue hypoxia leads to the impaired function of the organs.
Tiredness
Lightheadeness
Breathlessness
Ischaemic symptoms
Constipation
Normal adult hematocrit values vary among medical practices but are generally between 40% and 52% for men and 35% and 47% for women. Normal adult hemoglobin values are generally 14 to 18 grams per deciliter for men and 12 to 16 grams per deciliter for women.
The prognosis of the anaemia depends on the indivduals status and response to the iron therapy .
Dietary intake of Iron
Arrest bleeding when ever it is necessary