Cancer cervica is also known as the cervical cancer. It develops in the cervix (the entrance of the uterus)
Epidemiology:
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. In 2018, an estimated 570 000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer worldwide and about 311 000 women died from the disease.
The cervix is the lower most portion part pf the uterus and it acts as a connector between the vagina and uterus. The cervix is divided into two part such as ecto cervix and endo cervix
The ectocervix is the part of the cervix that projects with the vagina. It is lined by the stratifies squamous non keratinized epithelium
The endocervix is the the major interior portion of the uterus that is lined by the simple columnar epithelim which secreates the mucus.
When the endocervix canal ends the Internal os leads the starting of vagina. Similarly when the ecto cervix canal ends the External os paves the way for the vagina.
The cervix helps in the passage of the sperms into the entry of the uterus and also it maintains the sterility of the upper genital tract by preventing the bacterial invasion into the uterus and also shedd the cells, secreate mucus and monitors the female genital tract.
Types of the cervical cancer:
Adenocarcinoma: it takes place by the glands present in the lining cells of the cervix
Squamous cell carcinoma: it takes place by the cells lining the cervix
infection by the human papilloma HPV) is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV is a group of more than 150 related viruses. Some of them cause a type of growth called papilloma which are more commonly known as warts.
Certain types of HPV may cause warts on or around the female and male genital organs and in the anal area. These are called low-risk types of HPV because they are seldom linked to cancer.
Other types of HPV are also known as the high risk types because they are strongly linked to cancers, including cancer of the cervix, vulva and penile cancer in men, vagina in women, and cancers of the anus, throat and mouth in both men and women.
Infection with HPV is common, and in most people the body can clear the infection by itself. Sometimes, however, the infection does not go away and becomes chronic. Chronic infection, especially when it is caused by certain high-risk HPV types, can eventually cause certain cancers, such as cervical cancer.
Abnormal vaginal discharge and bleeding
Bleeding between the menstrual cycle
Bleeding after douching
Difficulty in eating
Bloating
Pain and burning sensation during urination
Pelvic pain or pressure in the pelvic region
Back pain
Itching and burning sensation in the vulva
Rashes, soreness in the vulva
Pain during sex
Bleeding even after menopause
Cervical smear test
The American Cancer Society estimate that healthcare professionals will make over 13,000 new diagnoses of invasive cervical cancer in 2019. The disease will be fatal in around 4,000 women. However, regular screening could prevent most of these deaths.
Screening does not detect cancer but looks for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. Without treatment, some abnormal cells can eventually develop into cancer.
HPV DNA testing
This test determines whether the individual has any of the types of HPV most likely to cause cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix for lab testing.
The test can detect high-risk HPV strains in cell DNA before any anomalies become clear in the cervical cells.
If there are signs and symptoms of cervical cancer, or if the Pap test reveals abnormal cells, a doctor may recommend additional tests.
These include:
The chances of living for at least five years after being diagnosed with cervical cancer are:
Practise safe sex
Do douching with cautious
Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption
Maintain the healthy weight and diet
